Vanguard Vs. Edward Jones

Italo Balbo

" We will be only a burden, you too, you may repent of having had as allies "
(Italo Balbo to Heinrich Himmler on a visit to Libya in 1937, in anticipation of a possible future war)

Italo Balbo ( Quartesana ( Ferrara ) June 6 1896 - Tobruk, June 28 1940) was a political, military and aviator Italian . It was Minister 's Aeronautics and Governor of Libya . Before the First World War
Italo Balbo was born in Quartesana , part of the common of Ferrara the June 6 1896 . Son of Camillo and Malvina Zuffi Balbo, both elementary teachers. His father was originally from Piedmont , while his mother was Romagna . Middle-class family in which there was the absolute respect for the monarchy and military service. D fter the birth, the family moved from Quartesana Balbo in Ferrara, important political center, crossed by enzymes of the peasantry, and inspired by socialist ideas . The fervent disputes dialectical between monarchists and republicans took place at Cafe Milano, at the time dubbed "sitùzz", or small site, niche [2] . The young Balbo participated actively in discussions policies , who exercised an influence on his political position. In family contrasts were accentuated because Balbo, of republican ideas, he clashed with the ideology of his father. In 1911 , learned at Cafe Milano initiative organized by Ricciotti Garibaldi to free the ' Albania the control turkish , ran away from home and joined the military expedition. [1] He could not participate in the expedition, stopped by the police, alerted by his father. In 1914, participated in a demonstration interventionist to Milan, where he met by chance Benito Mussolini . Balbo divennne bodyguard of Cesare Battisti during rallies held by him in favor of intervention in the war.
During the First World War served in ' 8 Alpini Regiment . Promoted lieutenant on 16 October 1917 leave it for the battalion, to request that the deposit of Aeronautical Torino for a piloting course, its very impressive passion. A few days later because of an Austrian-German was forced to return at the front. In 1918, under the command of the spearhead of Battalion Pieve di Cadore , participates on the offensive Monte Grappa , freeing City Feltre . For senior military merits earned a bronze medal and two silver, reaching the rank of captain . Discharged in 1920, meets in the same year, the Countess Emanuela Florio and falls in love immediately returned. She is shy, polite, reserved, are two characters opposites (the devil and holy water, say friends of his father), but they love and get married. For the love of Emily, he defers to study and Florence degree in social sciences , having beaten a professor who spoke ill veterans. Then he returned to his hometown to work as a bank clerk.
After being in the youth of Republican ideas - as well as patron of Mazzini Masonic lodge ' Gerolamo Savonarola ' di Ferrara, Balbo after the war he joined the fascism and soon became secretary of the federation Fascist Ferrara. Began to organize bands of her squad and formed a group called "celibacy", the name deriving from the distortion of his favorite drink Ferrara, the cherry-brandy, also known as Blood Morlacco. The group put an end to strikes on behalf of local landowners through punitive expeditions that hit the Communist the socialist and peasant organizations Portsmouth , Ravenna , Modena and Bologna . The group once raided the Este Castle of Ferrara .
October 1922 was one of the "Quadrumvirate" of march on Rome, along with Emilio De Bono , Cesare Maria De Vecchi and Michele Bianchi . In 1923 was accused of being involved in murder the anti-fascist priest Don Giovanni Minzoni , for Argenta but was acquitted of all charges. (The process was repeated in 1947 and the Court of Assizes of Ferrara excluding any responsibility). In 1924 became commanding general of Voluntary Militia for National Security and Secretary to the national economy in 1925 .
The November 6 1926 he was appointed Secretary of State to ' Aviation and proceeded to organize the newly formed Royal Air Force . The August 19 1928 became Marshal of the Air Force and September 12 1929, just 33 years, Minister of Aviation (all 'age was the youngest minister European).
Balbo led two transatlantic flights. The first, in 1930 with 12 seaplanes Savoia-Marchetti S.55A started from Orbetello at a time of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, took place from December 17 1930 to January 15 1931 . From
July 1 to August 12 of 1933 however, led the flight of 25 [3] seaplanes in the return flight from Rome to Chicago ; the crossing round landed in Iceland [4] and on the American continent, first in Cartwright Canada , then Montreal and finally to the goal, Chicago . The governor 's Illinois , the mayor and the city Chicago trasvolalatori reserve to a triumphal welcome, and Balbo was named a street still existing near the Lake Michigan , the Balboa Avenue (former 7th avenue). The Sioux present at the Exhibition of Chicago named him as the Indian chief "Chief Flying Eagle." In fact, the time relations between Italy and the USA was very good and an enterprise of this type was well-attended and considered to be extraordinary.
The return flight went to New York where it was organized in his honor and a great crew of other ticker-tape parade, according to Italian after Diaz to be hailed on the streets of New York, and Balbo named one of its avenues. The President Roosevelt was the guest.
Back in Italy, he was appointed Air Marshal . After that the term balbo became commonly used to describe any large formation of planes.
Just when Balbo reached its greatest popularity, he had attracted the hostility within the party, due to jealousy and her behavior individualistic. All the triumphs of Balbo jealous Mussolini (and spark suspicions). The scheme is based on a diarchy: the Duce and the King. Balbo has in mind that integration or give life to a patriarchs? Mussolini feared the popularity of the former Quadrumvirate and knows, by the exaggerated reports of the secret police concerned, his criticism of the regime. Decides, therefore, to prevent danger. Balbo away by removing the newly appointed minister in charge of the Air Marshal of the Air, being sidelined by the government to "promote" the governor Tripolitania and Cyrenaica , which, in 1934, and under the patronage of Balbo blend in the one colony the Libya . A few weeks ago when he was given notice of the appointment as governor of the colony, Balbo had understood that it was not exactly a promotion would have been more appropriate to put an exile. The January 16 1934 arrives in Tripoli and launched a proclamation: I assume from today, on behalf of Her Majesty's Government, my three predecessors, Volpi, De Bono, Badoglio, have made works great. I propose to follow in their footsteps. Libya went public works projects and construction of roads, particularly along the coast following the Mediterranean for hundreds of miles in his honor was called Via Balbi. It also seeks to attract Italian settlers and followed a policy of integration and reconciliation with the Muslim populations .
After the German invasion of Poland in September 1939 , Balbo, who was visiting Rome, repeatedly expressed dissatisfaction and concern for the military alliance with Germany and the policy by Mussolini both internally and internationally. The rest his dissent against the Duce was increasingly exacerbated since 1938, when, on several occasions expressed his opposition to Mussolini to the promulgation of racial laws.
The June 28 1940 Italo Balbo was killed while returning from a reconnaissance in Egyptian territory when his plane, a Savoia-Marchetti SM79 , was shot down by an Italian anti-aircraft gun. The day after the report of the Armed Forces issued the following bulletin:
"On the 28th, flying the skies of Tobruk during action of bombing enemy, the unit driven by Italo Balbo crashed in flames. Italo Balbo and crew members perished. The flags of the Armed Forces of Italy bow in homage and high honor to the memory of Italo Balbo, a volunteer alpine World War , Quadrumvirate of the Revolution, fly across the ocean, Air Marshal , fell to action stations'
The crew was composed of Ottavio Frailich, Henry Carey, Lino Balbo, Claudio Brunelli, Nello Quilici (father of Folco Quilici ), Gino Cappannini, Cino Florio and Joseph Berti.
The next day, a plane parachuted English Italian camp on a note of condolence on behalf of the British Army:
"The British forces express their sincere mourning for the death of Air Marshal Italo Balbo, a great leader and a brave aviator who personally knew and that placed the fate in the opposing camp ... Air Officer-Commander-in-chief ... British Royal Air Force Sir Arthur Laymore "
Officially, the incident was considered an unfortunate case of friendly fire but the widow of Balbo, Emanuela Florio , felt that it was an intentional murder ordered by Mussolini. A version that seems devoid of any foundation, especially after the statements of capopezzo that would bring down the plane on which he flew Balbo, Claudio Marzola.
of him in the dark days of Mussolini Salò say
"Balbo. A bell'alpino, a great airman, a true revolutionary. The only one who would be able to kill me. "
( Benito Mussolini )
Galeazzo Ciano instead on June 29 will note in his diary:
" Balbo did not deserve this end: it was brash, restless, loved life in all its manifestations. [...] He had not wanted the war and had opposed until the last. [...] The memory of Balbo will live long among the Italians, because it was, above all, an Italian with the great faults and great qualities of our race. "